Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides a qualitative prediction of fluid flows by means of mathematical modelling, numerical methods and software tools. CFD enables scientists and engineers to perform numerical experiments (i.e., computer simulations) in a virtual flow laboratory.

So, why make use of this technology?

Computational fluid dynamics and numerical simulations will help:

• Architects to design comfortable and safe living environments.
• Designers of vehicles to improve the aerodynamic characteristics.
• Chemical engineers to maximize the yield from their equipment.
• Surgeons to cure arterial diseases (computational hemodynamics).
• Meteorologists to forecast the weather and warn of natural disasters.
• Safety experts to reduce health risks from radiation and other hazards.

To be clear, CFD does not replace the measurements completely and it is likely to remain that way for some time. But, the amount of experimentation and the overall cost can be significantly reduced. Let us consider the differences between experiments and simulations.

• Expensive.
• Sequential.
• Single-purpose.
• Difficult to transport.
• Slow.

• Cheaper.
• Parallel.
• Multi-purpose.
• Portable.
• Faster.

We should also keep in mind that the results of CFD simulations are not yet 100% accurate. These are because of the following reasons:

• The input data may involve too much guessing and might not be precise.
• The accuracy of the results will depend on available computing power.
• The mathematical model of the problem at hand might be inadequate.

CFD uses a computer to solve the mathematical equations for the problem at hand. The main components of a CFD process includes the following:

An analyst or analysts, who states the problem to be solved. Another human being or human beings, will also be involved to inspect and interpret the simulations results. The one who states the problem and the one who inspect and interpret the results should not necessarily be different person.

The models and methods which are expressed mathematically.

The computer code which embodies the scientific knowledge and provides detailed algorithms for the solution.

The physical computer hardwares which will perform the actual calculations.

CFD is a highly interdisciplinary research area which lies at the interface of physics, applied mathematics and computer science.

Disclaimer : The views and opinions expressed in the article belong solely to the author, and not necessarily to the author's employer, organisation, committee or other group or individual.